Comparison of Toc vs Lean Essay Example for Free

Comparison of Toc vs Lean Essay Even though each improvement methodology contributes valuable concepts, ideas and techniques to every organization not all of them serve to the needs of organization if leadership doesn’t actively involve to the efforts of the improvement teams. Theory of Constraints (TOC) At his book Goldratt (2004) defines the primary goal as to make money. This can be achieved by simply identifying and eliminating the constraints that limits the output of the entire system. As a result of the organizational change, he aims to see an increase on throughput and decrease on operational expense and inventory. Theory of constraints (TOC) is based on the premise that the rate of goal achievement is limited by at least one constraining process. Only by increasing flow through the constraint can overall throughput be increased where throughput is the rate at which the system generates money through sales. Inventory is all the money that the system has invested in purchasing things which it intends to sell. Operational expense is all the money the system spends in order to turn inventory into throughput. He recommends a five step process: 1. Identify the constraint. 2. Exploit the constraint. 3. Subordinate other processes to the constraint. . Elevate the constraint. 5. Repeat the cycle. Line Manufacturing (Thinking) Lean is a total operating system for manufacturing plants and has broad application in product or service businesses. On the contrary to TOC, Lean focuses to create a value to customer by the removal of waste, which is defined as anything not necessary to produce the product or se rvice. Lean manufacturing measure the performance of the company by using three dimensions, cost, lead time and value-added percentage. As Reid (2007) says, Lean initiates metric improvement by assessing the system using Value Stream Mapping (VSM). VSM has a standard set of icons and instructions for documenting material and information flows based on actual shop floor observation. Value stream observation starts at the process closest to the customer and follows upstream step-by-step to raw material receiving. Similar to TOC, there are five essential steps in lean: 1. Identify which features create value. 2. Identify the sequence of activities called the value stream. 3. Make the activities flow. 4. Let the customer pull product or service through the process. 5. Perfect the process. Lean involves many people in the value stream. Lean sees an organization as a collection of parts and aims a local optimization system where TOC focuses on a local action with holistic optimization for the organization. The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a relatively new managerial philosophy that has been steadily evolving since the early 1980s. TOC does advocate buffers at inventory at selected points to ensure that neither the constraint nor the customer is left waiting. Lean aims to reduce lead time and inventory and thus costs by eliminating waste; TOC aims to reduce lead time and inventory in order to gain capacity, increase Throughput (i. . the rate at which money is generated through the sale of products) and provide a competitive edge – thus enabling the business to grow. Thus it is evident that TOC methodology can provide Lean techniques with a high degree of focus which is both in tune with reality and achievable on a practical level, effectively bridging the knowledge gap that can exist between Lean in theory and Lean in practice. Because the bottom line benefits to be gained from increasing Throughput are greater than those likely to be realised via Lean waste/cost reduction alone, TOC provides Lean Manufacturing with a forward-thinking framework which not only directs improvement efforts where they will be most beneficial, but which is also an excellent platform for future growth.

Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles - Existentialist Failure to Create an

Tess of the d'Urbervilles - Existentialist Failure to Create and Preserve Meaning      Ã‚  Ã‚   When wilt thou awake, O Mother, wake and see†¹ As one who, held in trance, has laboured long By vacant rote and prepossession strong†¹ The coils that thou hast wrought unwittingly; Wherein have place, unrealized by thee, Fair growths, foul cankers, right enmeshed with wrong, Strange orchestras of victim-shriek and song, And curious blends of ache and ecstasy?†¹ (Hardy, "The Sleep-Worker")    Inherent in the ruthless progress of society, there paradoxically lies a growing moral deterioration. In Tess of the d'Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy "faithfully present[s]" Tess as a paragon of virtue, utilizing her as an instrument of criticism against a society too debauched to sustain the existence "of its finest individuals" (Wickens 104). Unwilling to compromise her strict adherence to personal morals, Tess suffers immensely; her ultimate inability to exist on this "blighted" (21) star exposes the regression of a hypocritically sanctimonious society, whose degraded values catalyze her destruction.    Innocently unaware of "cruel Nature's law[,]" (115) Tess is violated by the response which her sexuality arouses in Alec. Yet, although it is nature which induces Tess to lose her virginity, it is society which renders this loss a sin. Tess's change from "a mere vessel of emotion untinctured by experience" (8) to one stained by a "corporeal blight" (98) elicits a severe social condemnation. Ironically, in its attempt to deny the natural instincts of mankind, social selection takes on the characteristic ethical absence of natural selection, "ensuring that the social relations among people will... ...Hardy, "The Darkling Thrush")    Works Cited Beer, Gillian. "Finding a Scale for the Human." Tess of the d'Urbervilles. Ed. Scott Elledge. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1991. Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the d'Urbervilles. Ed. Scott Elledge. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1991. Hardy, Thomas. "The Sleep-Worker." Tess of the d'Urbervilles. Ed. Scott Elledge. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1991. Hazen, James. "The Tragedy of Tess Durbeyfield." Howe, Irving. "At the Center of Hardy's Achievement." Tess of the d'Urbervilles. Ed. Scott Elledge. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1991. Hyman, Virginia R. "The Evolution of Tess." Ethical Perspectives in the Novels of Thomas Hardy. Wickens, G. Glen. "Hardy and the Mythographers: The Myth of Demeter and Persephone in Tess of the d'Urbervilles."   

Planning Functions of Management Essay

WorldCom was a large telecom company that rose during 1990s up to early 2000s when the company encountered some shortcomings which finally led to its collapse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The collapse arouses questions on the planning role of its management. The Management function basically plans for the company’s future based on the expectations of stakeholders. They expect to make high profits.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This critical role may have been avoided by the management in favour of taking out excessive salaries and other benefits for themselves leading to company collapse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Legal issues, ethics and corporate social responsibility have an impact on management planning. Management planning ought to take a legal perspective. For example when the organization collapses, it takes a legal dimension to determine the failure of management planning.   This can lead to long legal battles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ethically, management planning operates within ethical frameworks. For example it was unethical for WorldCom to loan executive’s money to purchase shares of the company stock. These could have contributed to the company’s collapse. The failure of corporate social responsibility impacts on the functioning of management planning negatively because it shifts the focus away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Various factors influence the company’s strategic, tactical operational and contingency planning.   They include legal, ethical and business responsibilities, government law, the desire for more profit, nature and size of the business, the workforce and size of customers, among others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For example if the target of the profit is high then the planning ought to be more involving. There is also a variation in planning in connection with the nature of market and the size of the esteemed customers. Also the higher the workforce the more intense is the planning. References Carol, A., (1993) Three Types of Management Planning Making Organizations Work. Management quarterly, 34 Ewing, D. (1969). The Human side of Planning Tool or Tyrant? London: Macmillan Foley, P., Howes, p. (1993) Strategic Human resource Management: An Australian case study. Human Resource Planning, 16.

How Opportunity Structures Affect Your Life

The term opportunity structure refers to the fact that the opportunities available to people in any given society or institution are shaped by the social organization and structure of that entity. Typically within a society or institution, there are certain opportunity structures that are considered traditional and legitimate, like achieving economic success by pursuing education in order to get a good job, or dedicating oneself to a form of art, craft, or performance in order to make a living in that field. These opportunity structures, and untraditional and illegitimate ones too,  provide sets of rules that one is supposed to follow in order to achieve cultural expectations of success. When traditional and legitimate opportunity structures fail to allow for success, people may pursue success via untraditional and illegitimate ones. Overview Opportunity structure is a term and theoretical concept developed by American sociologists Richard A. Cloward and Lloyd B. Ohlin, and presented in their book  Delinquency and Opportunity, published in 1960. Their work was inspired by and built upon sociologist Robert Mertons theory of deviance, and in particular, his structural strain theory. With this theory Merton suggested that a person experiences strain when the conditions of society do not allow one to attain the goals that the society socializes us to desire and work toward. For example, the goal of economic success is a common one in U.S. society, and the cultural expectation is that one would work hard to pursue education, and then work hard in a job or career in order to attain this. However, with an underfunded public education system, high cost of higher education and burdens of student loans, and an economy dominated by service sector jobs, U.S. society today fails to provide the majority of the population with adequat e, legitimate means to attain this kind of success. Cloward and Ohlin build on this theory with the concept of opportunity structures by pointing out there are a variety of pathways to success available in society. Some are traditional and legitimate, like education and career, but when those fail, a person is likely to pursue pathways provided by other kinds of opportunity structures. The conditions described above, of inadequate education and job availability, are elements that can serve to block a particular opportunity structure for certain segments of the population, like kids to attend underfunded and segregated public schools in poor districts, or young adults who have to work to support their families and thus do not have the time or money to attend college. Other social phenomena, like racism, classism, and sexism, among others, can block a structure for certain individuals, while still enabling others to find success through it. For example, white students might thrive in a particular classroom while black students do not, because teachers tend to underestimate the intelligence of black kids, and to punish them more harshly, both of which hinder their ability to succeed in the classroom. Relevance in Society Cloward and Ohlin use this theory to explain deviance by suggesting that when traditional and legitimate opportunity structures are blocked, people sometimes pursue success through others that are  considered nontraditional and illegitimate, like getting involved in a network of petty or major criminals in order to make money, or by pursuing grey and black market occupations like sex worker or drug dealer, among others.

Australias Involvement in the Vietnam War - 888 Words

Australia had quite a large involvement in the Vietnam War and it is still considered an important part of our history, as it is the longest Australia has been involved in any war. We were involved in the war from 1962 to 1972 and roughly 60000 Australian men and women served there. Our initial involvement was with military advisors to support the South Vietnamese army and then that escalated to sending fighting troops, as it was more difficult for the South Vietnamese army to defeat the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese army on their own. Our decision to commit troops to the battle was based on the fear of communism; North Korea’s invasion of South Korea was considered a communist danger to democracy. A few of the other main reasons for our presence in the conflict include; to support the United States presence in the region, the belief in the ‘domino theory’ and because of our presence in the ANZUS and SEATO treaties. Australia’s presence in the ANZUS and SEATO alliances has been very important in our past. The ANZUS agreement which involved Australia, New Zealand and The United States said that they would â€Å"*come to one another’s aid in the event of an attack*† (Retro Active 2 p166 paragraph 1). This was formed in 1951. The SEATO alliance (South-East Asia Collective Defense Treaty), which was the one our involvement in Vietnam was based around involved Australia, Britain, United States, France and New Zealand. They all agreed that they would help protect Laos, Cambodia,Show MoreRelatedAustralia’s Involvement in the Vietnam War939 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia’s Involvement in the Vietnam War By Taylor, Aleisha and Alec. There were two important reasons for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War: 1. Fear of Communism 2. Obligations to Allies Fear of Communism In the period following WWII there was a growing fear within Australia of communism. The common belief was that communism would spread from the USSR to Asian countries and eventually reach Australia. This theory is known today as the domino theory. Australia wasRead MoreAustralias Involvement in the Vietnam War Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia’s involvement in the Vietnam War was a result of a combined fear of communism and the fall of freedom from danger in Australian democracy and society. The growing web of communism saw the fall of many countries closing in on Australia and New Zealand, and it was believed Robert Menzies’ government that they would find communism at Australia’s shores. Australians were anti-communist during the Vietnam War; due to a level of hype that the society, the media, and the government were exposedRead MoreThe Reasons For Australia s Involvement During The Vietnam War1207 Words   |  5 PagesAssess the main reasons for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War. After gaining independence from France in 1954, by the leadership of Ho Chin Min, Vietnam was posed with the task of creating a political faction. Due to the country’s diverse political views Vietnam was temporally split in two (at the 17th parallel). The north side was lead by Ho Chi Minh, a popular leader allied with communist China. Having freed the people of Vietnam from French occupation, many Vietminh supported his everyRead MoreHistory Course Outline787 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia in the Vietnam War Era * Changing Rights and Freedoms * People Power and Politics in the Post-war Period * Australia’s Social and Cultural History in the Post-War Period Australia in the Vietnam War Inquiry questions †¢ How did the Australian government respond to the threat of communism after WWII? †¢ Why did Australia become involved in the Vietnam War? †¢ How did various groups respond to AustraliaÂ’s involvement in the Vietnam War? †¢ What was the impact of the war on AustraliaRead MoreReasons for Australias Changing Attitude Towards the Vietnam War791 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia’s involvement in the Vietnam War started in 1962-75. Some of the reasons for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War were mostly to do with the fear of communism and using the â€Å"forward defence† strategy to prevent the domino theory from happening. During this time Australia’s attitude towards the war changed due to the protesting of anti-war groups such as ‘save our sons’, it was believed that it was more of a civil war then a communism war,   and because it was a television war. CommunismRead MoreWhy Did Australia Become Involved in the Vietnam War Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War which went from 1965 to 1975 involved America and its allies, including Australia, aiming to prevent South Vietnam from an invasion by the communist North Vietnaese. There were many key reasons for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War. The Americans provided valuable support when they arrived at our aid during the WWII so Australia felt a responsibility to return a favour to the US to maintain healthy foreign relations. Australia also became implicated in the war due to theRead MoreEssay on The Effect of the Vietnam War on the Australian Society912 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of the Vietnam War on the Australian Society The Vietnam War had great political impact and led to deep division within Australian society. The Australian people were forced to take the issues about the Cold War, Vietnam and the arms race seriously because of Australia’s military involvement in Vietnam from 1962 to 1972. As a result, our fear of communism and of Asia increased dramatically. Australia, occupying a large mass of land, yet having a small Read MoreImpact Of The Anti War On The Vietnam War Between 1965 And 19751051 Words   |  5 PagesYear 10 Australian History Why was Australian society divided over the issue of our involvement in the Vietnam War between 1965 and 1975? (750-1000 words) During the decade of 1965-1975, Australian society was controversially divided over the involvement of Australian troops in the Vietnam War. At the peak of the nations involvement, some 8,500 troops were serving for their country. Vietnam was split into the â€Å"democratic† north and the communist south, which was highly supported by the USA andRead MoreCosi876 Words   |  4 Pagesominous presence of the Vietnam War, Nowra explores the insanity of the war; and the need to condemn war and to protest against Australia’s involvement in Vietnam. The main presence of the institution and involving patients explored the inhumanity and ineffectiveness of the mental health system in the 1970’s in Australia. Nowra used the ‘play within a play’ to explore the Importance of theatre, as a way of enriching people’s lives with ‘art’, In the 1970’s, the Vietnam was had been going for nearlyRead MoreAustralia s Historical Fear Of Invasion951 Words   |  4 Pagesarguing that Australia’s historical fear of invasion does continue to influence Australia’s foreign policy today. This essay believes that the fear of invasion in Australia has evolves and changes over time from a traditional realist perspective that focused on states, to one focused on individuals and non-state actors. Firstly, this essay will briefly discuss the previous fears of invasion, from the introduction of the White Australia Policy to the War on Terror, and how events in Australia’s past shaped

Technology Is Becoming More Accessible And Portable Essay

As technology is becoming more accessible and portable, it is no longer unusual to see a class that uses some kind of technology to aid the teaching process. On the one hand, many praise technology in classrooms as innovative tools that can finally democratize the classroom. On the other hand, others agree that technology offers sources of distraction, which undermine students’ ability of critical thinking. It is not true, however, that all the technology in classrooms has negative impacts. Thus, it is important to distinguish which kind of technology can help develop critical thinking skills among students. In order to cultivate critical thinking skills in classrooms, technology must be able to support the objectives of the theory of constructivist learning. This theory is often referred to in studies of technology in classroom as a standard goal for the technology to accomplish. In her essay demonstrating the benefits of backchannel chatrooms, Sarita Yardi claims that the chatrooms can support these objectives, and she explains the theory as â€Å"learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current and past knowledge†(318). John M. Freie and Susan M. Behuniak also give attention to a similar idea in their essay â€Å"Learning in A Digital Age† examining various kinds of technology in classrooms: â€Å"liberatory education relies on praxis [which is] the interaction of reflection and action upon one’s world in order to transformShow MoreRelatedBenefical Role Of Technology In Education1413 Words   |  6 Pages Benefical Role of Technology in Helping People Obtain an Education Nhuien Tkhi Kim Nhan (Nata) ILSC BENEFICAL ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN HELPING PEOPLE OBTAIN AN EDUCATION Even though most of the population think that technology has a bad influence on our education it still has a lot of benefitsRead MoreSmart Phones and Virtual Reality in 10 Years Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesOver the last decade, we have witnessed technology develop from being something we were just becoming familiar with and slowly embracing, to what it has become now. Contemporary people now have a dependence on being able to communicate with our friends and colleagues wherever and whenever we need to, being able to access and share media on any device, and being able to work on the go and collaborate your ideas and documents with people across the globe. Technology has become truly invaluable to the modernRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Global Marketplace991 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of technology on the global marketplace is substantial. In terms of business, technology is the most rapidly changing market, and the rate at which new technology emerges is nearly daily. From Augmented 3D environments to virtual reality and smartphones, technology is a constantly evolving catalyst in global business markets. Our lines of communication are becoming so streamlined and remarkably efficient that it is possible to collaborate in real time with business teams, corporationsRead MoreNintendo And The Video Game Industry987 Words   |  4 Pagesprogressed. Despite the shifts and changes in technology and forms of entertainment, Nintendo is adamant about sticking to its videogame strategy. In order for Nintendo to survive after the emergence of this technological substitution and be active competitor in the market, the company should license its popular games for use on smartphones and tablets. Incorporating and licensing popular Nintendo games onto smartphones and tablets will be much more affordable to consumers who enjoy playing onlineRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives951 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society, technology has increasingly become more present in our lives. Grow-ing up, what I remember most was whenever I was a home, the one place anybody could be sure to find me was in my bedroom, sitting behind my Sony laptop doing random things. For many people, including myself, who grew up around computers and technology, it is really hard to imagine living in a world without them by our sides since we are so used to having them around. So where did computers and laptop even comeRead MoreConquering the Generation Gap825 Words   |  3 Pagesdiffer from the current generation in their use of technology and their integration of educational methods. Older generations did not have the technological advancements and opportunities that are available no w, nor did they have access to these technologies for educational purposes. Successful efforts are being made each day to bridge the technological and educational gap. One thing that has continued to advance steadily throughout history is technology. 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Visual Culture Malaysian Flag

Question: Discuss about theVisual Culture for Malaysian Flag. Answer: Introduction The modern official flag of Malaysia is a product of a number of changes that took place since the inception of the country, after unifying the 14 independent states, much in the style of the way the British did administer and run the country. The Malaysian Flag that in the later years came to be known as Jalur Gemilang was formed even before independence came to the country. The designing process of the flag is an important historical event that reflected much of the nationalistic sentiments and the other social and political dynamics that did continue within the country at that point of time. The inception of the present Malaysian flag has its origin in the flag that was first hoisted by the Federation of Malaya. With all the 14 states coming together to fabricate single nation, there arose a need to make a single national flag that did reflect the national sentiments and the major components that came to together to define the ethnicity and the individuality of the Malayan people( Basir). The very history of the design and the various changes that were brought about the flag of Malaysia, clearly showed the various elements and the dynamics that were at play at the time of making the country of Malaysia and the identity towards which the country and its people were trying to move ahead. In the process of the final evolution of the design of the flag of the nation, we see that the process went through a long process and a sub sequential number of changes till the final design evolved. This change happens to be the most justified one as per which we see that the nationalist sentiments of the rulers and the people of the country were exhibited. This process clearly showed that the nation was striving towards the goal of attaining a clear, separate and individualistic nationalist identity. Flags are after all symbols of pride and dignity that the nations take in their entity. In the case of Malaysia these sentiments were no different(Macdonald). The final design of the Malaysian Flag had 14 equal red and white alternate equal width stripes that are placed against a background of a blue cantonment based on the top left alignment. The cantonment also bears a yellow crescent and a 14 pointed star that is known as the Bintang Persekutuan or the Federal Star. These stripes indicated at the presence of the 13 member states and the federal government. The equal width of the 14 stripes indicates at the equal strength of the 13 member states and also the federal government. The 14 pointed Star indicates at the unity that exists amongst these member states and the federal government. The crescent indicates at the religion of Islam that is the national religion of the country. The colour yellow of the crescent is the symbol of the rulers of the country and the blue cantonment is the symbol that represents the people of the country. The flag of Malaysia truly exhibits and represents all the major forces of the nation and the elements th at comes together to form the nation of Malaysia. It can be said that the flag itself clearly represents the major aspects of the country that gives equal importance to the major elements of the country that have come together to define the national identity of Malaysia(Fischer). Task 2 Democracy is the system where the people of the country have a considerable say in the general running of the country. The people of the country are adequately represented in the parliament and the other legislative, judiciary and also the executive bodies of the country. The people of the country has a major say the country is run, their opinions are valued and better still they have the freedom to express their opinions. This is a process that ensures that the people of the country are free and can contribute to the development of the country. The growth of the country and the well being of the fellow people is a responsibility that s entrusted in the hands of the common people of the country. I fact it has been stated that the democratic forms of government are the best sovereign frameworks for the people to live and flourish in(Therocket). The incident where we see that the national people did contribute to the making and the designing of the flag represents and reflects the democratic spirit of the country. The leaders of the nation clearly had a vision of a democratic nation where the people of the country would be playing a really important role in the development and the enhancement of the nation, its goals, its success and its eventual international pride. The nationalist vision of the political leaders did not just happen to be their own, but was something that was to be shared and cherished by the common people of the nation. After all the population of the country did make the nation what it was and gave it its nationalist identity. This was the vision with which the nationwide flag designing project was undertaken by the government of the nation. The very nature of the project revealed the democratic spirit that was being encouraged by the political leaders of the nation. The people of the country were being e ncouraged and invited to form the nationalist character of the country, where the people of the country would come together to define the character and the nature of the national identity(Expatgo). The nationwide flag designing competition was a major step on the part of the national leaders that gave an insight into their strategy of forming the character of the national identity. The people of the country would now come together to decide on their identity of the nation. This was a great step that did onset the process of formation of a national identity that would be done by the people of the country who together constitutes the nation. Through this process the people who earlier belonged to thirteen separate states now came together to form a single nation Malaysia. This was a process a step through which the thirteen states were merged to form a single nation. This was a process that brought solidarity, unity and integrity to the people of the nation that in return helped to form the nation(Nst). The plan of holding a national competition to design the national flag was truly a great step or a plan on the part of the national leaders that integrated the people of the thirteen states together and also helped the people in the formation of their new country. This was a step that celebrated the spirits of democracy which in the later days became the solid foundation on which stands the current nation of Malaysia a symbol of unity amongst elements of diversification(Fischer). Task 3 The Malaysian Flag is an epitome that symbolises the elemental sentiments and the potential characteristics of the nation, its people, its culture, its religion and its ethnicity. In fact we see the entire history of the formation of the nation and the pillar features of the nation that has formed the identity of the country is well represented in the flag of the country. The makers or the designers of the flag, or better still, the national leaders, who did finally choose the specimen of the national flag amongst some 300 and more examples of probable designs, did keep in mind to put together the essential characteristics of the nation within the flag(Expatgo). The Malaysian Flag or the Jalur Gemilang, as it came to be known in the later days truly has kept in mind all the milestones that the nation has attained in history throughout the process of formation of the country(Fischer). If we talk about the basic design of the flag we see that the elemental structure has been taken from the flag of the East India British, where we see that the basic design has been taken from the flag of the British colonizers. The flag of Malaysia that we see in the current times, the official format or version did see a number of changes. A number of revisions have been done so that the flag can best represent the constitution elements and the nationalist sentiments of the country. The flag of Malaysia in fact aptly represents the ethnic feelings and the sentiments of the nation and also exhibits the factors and the facets that has come together to define the national character of the country and its people and also its society(Bestrategic). The nation of Malaysia was formed by integrating together 13 different independent states and then formation of the federal government. The 14 alternate red and white stripes happen to be representing these thirteen member states and the 14th stripe represents the federal government. The Blue colour cantonment represents the common people of the nation. The crescent represents the religion of Islam and the colour yellow signifies the royal colour of the rulers of the country. In addition we see that the 14 point star reflects the unity of the 13 member states and the federal government(Arkib). Evaluating all the symbols that have been represented in the flag clearly shows the designers and the national leaders have all the elements in mind that are important to the nature of nationalist identity of the country. The flag represents the separate thirteen members, the religion of the people of the country, the common people of the country and also the unity and solidarity amongst elements of diversification(Worldatlas). Truly it can be said that the Malaysian flag happens to be an apt representation of the national sentiments of the country. It denotes the various challenges and the difficulties that have been conquered and overcome in the way of forming the nation. The flag celebrates the unity and the coming together of so many different elements together to make the nation of Malaysia. The flag celebrates the unity amongst diversification, which is the central sentiment behind the formation of the country. It represents the true spirit of democracy and shows equal respect to all the major components of the society and political elite of the country. It respects and celebrates the religion of the people and also the individual identity of the nation that rests on the inherent cultural aspect and lineage of the country(Expatgo). Task 4 The National Flag of any country is the symbol of integrity, uniformity and the identity of the nation, something in which the nation takes a sense of immense pride and honour. The national flag is of utmost importance for the identity of any nation. It is the first and the supreme symbol that defines the entity and the individuality of a nation. It becomes the first symbol that defines the personality and the character of the nation. As a result national flag is an element to honour, take pride in and respect. The nationals of any country are expected to show respect and reverence towards their national flags. In fact people across the world are expected to show respect and honour for the national flags of other countries. The act of disrespecting the national flag is an act that is condemned as a national crime. In fact in many countries dishonouring or harming the national flag is an offence for which the person doing the cat can receive very severe punishment(Bestrategic). In Malaysia as well the national flag is the symbol of national pride and integrity. The people of the country do take immense pride in their national flag and holds it with great honour and dignity. It is the symbol of the unique character of the nation of Malaysia. This is a sentiment that is very commonly exhibited in the daily life of the nation, its society and its people. Anybody who has the minimum sense of observation shall witness this fact in some of the merest activities that goes on within the nation even on a day to day basis. On other occasions of national character we see that the importance and the eminence of the national flag happens to get all the more prominently pronounced. The event of the celebration of the National day clearly shows the nationalist sentiments of the people of the country who do take an immense pride in their national flag. The National Flag of Malaysia in fact narrates the story of the large number of challenges faced and hurdles overcome in the process of making the nation of Malaysia. The National Flag is a symbol that represents the various elements of diversity that has come together to form of the nation of Malaysia. The National Flag on such occasions of the national Day celebrations or maybe even international sports events fills up the people of the country with a sense of adulation for their nation and the heritage that it contains for its future generations and the message of solidarity that it conveys to the rest of the world(Basir). People of the nation are to show respect, adulation and immense reverence for their national flag that is but the ultimate symbol of nationalist identity of the country. Anything otherwise is treated as a grave offence shows towards the entity of the country. References: Arkib. Formation of Malaysia 16 September 1963 . 2016. 27 October 2016 https://www.arkib.gov.my/en/web/guest/penubuhan-malaysia-16-september-1963. Basir, Kusha. History Behind the Malaysian Flag. 1 September 2010. 27 October 2016 https://www.malaysiandigest.com/archived/index.php/15-features/personality/24948-history-behind-the-malaysian-flag.html. Bestrategic. The history of Malayasian flag. 2016. 27 October 2016 https://www.bestrategic.my/herebecontent/tag/flags/. Expatgo. Symbols of Malaysia: Her flag and anthem. 31 August 2016. 27 October 2016 https://www.expatgo.com/my/2016/08/31/symbols-malaysia-flag-anthem/. Fischer, Uwe. Jalur Gemilang The Story of the Malaysian Flag. 1 September 2014. 27 October 2016 https://www.malaysia-insights.com/jalur-gemilang-the-story-of-the-malaysian-flag/. Macdonald, Ian. Flags of the world. 20 November 2013. 27 October 2016 https://flagspot.net/flags/my.html. Nst. Rising together, Rimau to drive KL Sea Games. 14 November 2015. 27 October 2016 https://www.nst.com.my/news/2015/11/111481/rising-together-rimau-drive-kl-sea-games. Therocket. Malaysias Democracy. 22 August 2013. 27 October 2016 https://www.therocket.com.my/en/malaysias-democracy/. Worldatlas. Malaysian Flag. 2016. 27 October 2016 https://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/malaysia/myflags.htm.